Everyone washes their hair, but deciphering the array of hair care products can be perplexing and sometimes feel like a maze, especially when terms like “clarifying shampoo” pop up. Feeling puzzled about what it means and how it fits into your hair care routine is normal?
Here’s a breakdown to simplify things: Clarifying shampoos and conditioning shampoos serve different purposes. A conditioning shampoo is designed to clean your hair while also providing moisture and reducing frizz, making it a great choice for regular use. On the other hand, a clarifying shampoo is specifically formulated to remove build-up from product residue, hard water minerals, and chlorine, offering a deep clean that revitalizes your hair when used occasionally.
To shed more light on this topic and help you make the best choice for your hair, I’ve sought the expertise of a friend who’s a seasoned professional in the field. As a hair scientist and cosmetic formulator with a PhD in Chemistry, he offers valuable insights into the nuances of clarifying versus conditioning shampoos, ensuring you have all the information you need to keep your hair looking its best.
Understanding Clarifying Shampoo vs. Conditioning Shampoo
Build-up on hair is a common issue arising from the use of daily hair care products like shampoos and styling aids, the impact of hard water laden with heavy metals, and the frequent application of deep conditioning treatments. Over time, ingredients such as cationic surfactants, conditioning polymers, proteins, and silicone oilsโparticularly silicones, due to their strong affinity for fatsโcan accumulate on the hair, making it difficult to remove.
Hard water, rich in calcium and magnesium, can bond with amino acids in the hair, leading to a buildup of mineral deposits. Similarly, the natural production of sebum can add to this accumulation, often leaving hair feeling greasy and altering its surface characteristics.
When hair starts to feel stiff and becomes less responsive to conditioning and styling efforts, it’s likely due to this build-up.1-3 In such cases, a clarifying shampoo becomes essential. This shampoo is designed to effectively break down and wash away the accumulation, restoring hairโs cleanliness and responsiveness.
So, how exactly does a clarifying shampoo differ from a conditioning shampoo? Letโs dive in to understand the distinct roles each plays in maintaining healthy hair.
What is a Clarifying Shampoo?
A clarifying shampoo is created to specifically remove any build-up from hair products, such as polymers, residue, and excess oil from the scalp.
After using a clarifying shampoo, your hair should maintain its natural appearance, texture, and curl pattern. However, the shampoo should not remove essential lipids from your hair or cause dryness. The shampoo typically includes a blend of surfactants and does not contain many conditioning ingredients.
Conditioning shampoo is a type of shampoo that is designed to clean and condition your hair at the same time when you wash it. It includes conditioning polymers, natural extracts, emollients, and other hydrating ingredients. In contrast, clarifying shampoo is not a conditioning shampoo.
Who Needs a Clarifying Shampoo? How Often Should You Use It?
Everyone! A clarifying shampoo is recommended for anyone who uses styling aids, such as hairspray and gel, and even conditioners! However, the frequency of use may vary depending on their hair type and texture.
Hair that is natural, virgin, and non-chemically treated does not need to be washed as frequently. Washing them once every ten to fifteen days should be sufficient.
Hair that has been chemically treated is more prone to build-up. This is caused by oxidized amino acid sites along the hair shaft that can form electrostatic bonds with cationic ingredients.
Also, hair that has been chemically modified has a greater tendency to accumulate conditioning products, which makes them more prone to build-up. As a result, they need to be washed at least once a week with a clarifying shampoo for optimal upkeep.
A basic guideline is:
- Virgin, Non-Chemically Treated – Once every 10 days.
- Chemically Treated Curly, Textured Hair – Once a week.
- Afro Hair – Once a week (or as needed).
Suitable Surfactants in A Clarifying Shampoo Formulation
Shampoo formulations rely on surfactants, which are organic chemical compounds that clean and create foam. A typical example is sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) present in almost every other facial, body, and hair cleansing product.
An ideal surfactant for a clarifying shampoo should be capable of accomplishing the following tasks:
โ Clean hair fibers effectively.
โ Get rid of build-up.
โ Restore the natural texture of hair fibers.
โ Make it easy to comb and brush hair.
Shampoos often contain sulfates, like SLS, because they create foam quickly and are cost-effective. Sulfates tend to remove an excessive amount of moisture, resulting in dry and unhealthy hair. Additionally, they can cause dryness on the scalp and increase the risk of irritation.
If you have sensitive skin and hair and you’re experiencing side effects from sulfate shampoos, it may be worth trying a sulfate-free product to see if your symptoms improve or go away.
Three main cleansing surfactants are recommended for use with a clarifying shampoo.
They are:
1) Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate. This mild anionic surfactant is gentle but effective at producing a large amount of foam that has effective cleansing properties. It does a great job of removing sebum, waxes, and lipid residue deposited over the hair shaft. It can also dissolve cationic ingredients. Its mild nature hydrates the hair and won’t make hair dry.
2)Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (SCI). SCI is yet another mild anionic surfactant that is strongly recommended for a sulfate-free clarifying formulation. Isethionate offers a rich creamy lather with a good level of hydration during washing boosting the fiber and scalp water content.
3) Lauryl Glucoside. Lauryl glucoside is a type of green surfactant that is sugar-based. It is excellent for cleansing and dispersing oils, and produces a moderate amount of foam. These surfactants are sustainable and easily break down over time.
The three surfactants mentioned above are gentle enough for cleansing without damaging the scalp or hair.
Is it Possible to Have Conditioning Ingredients in a Clarifying Shampoo?
Incorporating conditioning elements into a clarifying shampoo is not only possible but also quite beneficial. A clarifying shampoo with a balanced, low to moderate inclusion of conditioning agents can significantly enhance the hair-washing experience, particularly by facilitating the detangling process during and after a wash.
Wet hair tends to swell with water, which can make detangling a daunting task. By integrating agents that soften the hair fibers, clarifying shampoos can help minimize friction, allowing for a smoother combing experience and reducing the risk of breakage.
It’s important, however, to maintain the primary objective of a clarifying shampoo: to cleanse the hair of buildup without depositing heavy conditioning agents. Therefore, while beneficial conditioning agents are welcomed, ingredients like heavy oils, rich emollients, and silicones, which can contribute to further buildup, should be avoided.
To ensure you’re choosing a clarifying shampoo that strikes the right balance, always carefully examine the ingredient list, steering clear of products that contain heavy conditioning agents unsuitable for your clarifying needs.
The pH of a Clarifying Shampoo
Whether a clarifying shampoo can effectively remove polymeric and metallic build-up depends on its pH. When the shampoo is slightly acidic, metals tend to dissolve more easily.
Metal chelating agents like EDTA are more effective when used under moderate acidic pH conditions.
Additionally, the pH range of 4.00 – 5.00 is mildly acidic and falls close to the isoelectric point of keratin amino acids. This acidity helps align the cuticles of the hair, resulting in improved hair health and surface properties. 4,5,6
To eliminate metallic and polymeric build-up, it is best to use a clarifying shampoo with an acidic pH range between 4.00 and 5.00. To ensure the shampoo’s pH is appropriate, make sure to read the label or ask the retailer/manufacturer.
Can a Conditioning Shampoo be Used as Clarifying Shampoo?
No, a conditioning shampoo should not be used as a clarifying shampoo. These conditioning shampoos are generally loaded with cationic polymers, emollients, and natural extracts or proteins.
The purpose of a conditioning shampoo is to clean and detangle hair, enhance the moisture level, lubricate the hair shaft, and make hair softer in preparation for styling.
Although these shampoos contain conditioning ingredients that we usually want to eliminate when we have build-up in our hair, they are not designed to remove polymeric materials.
Using a conditioning shampoo as a clarifying shampoo is not recommended. Clarifying shampoos are formulated specifically to remove build-up from hair.
Summary
To maintain healthy hair, consumers need to use clarifying shampoo regularly. Its purpose is to cleanse the hair of any product buildup, leaving it looking and feeling natural.
Build-up of substances such as polymers, silicones, proteins, and cationics can alter the surface characteristics of hair strands, leading to daily challenges in styling and hair management.
Choosing the right surfactant blend with a suitable pH level is required for efficient cleansing and removal of build-up materials.
How you should use a clarifying shampoo depends on the type of hair you have, its texture, and how much build-up there is.
References
1. Marsh, J. M.; Gray, J.; Tosti, A., Healthy Hair. Springer International Publishing: 2015.
2. Zviak, C., The Science of Hair Care. Taylor & Francis: 2005.
3. Evans, T.; Wickett, R. R., Practical Modern Hair Science. Allured Business Media: 2012.
4. Parreira, H. C., On the isoelectric point of human hair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 1980, 75 (1), 212-217.
5. Malinauskyte, E.; Cornwell, P. A.; Reay, L.; Shaw, N.; Petkov, J., Effect of equilibrium pH on the structure and properties of bleach-damaged human hair fibers. Biopolymers 2020, 111 (11), e23401.
6. Gavazzoni Dias, M. F.; de Almeida, A. M.; Cecato, P. M.; Adriano, A. R.; Pichler, J., The Shampoo pH can Affect the Hair: Myth or Reality? Int J Trichology 2014, 6 (3), 95-9.